There are two different conjugation types for i-adjectives: the ku-conjugation and the shiku-conjugation. A plain-formed verb can have a better connection with a noun, so is suitable for the end of a clause. The first one is a clause modifying the noun, “kyoto”, and ends with the plain-formed verb, “iru”. This noun phrase can be broken down into the following two parts: “watashi ga iru” and “kyoto”. In the example, this is used after “watashi” to make the subject in the clause.
ga – が : a case particle used to make the subject word or the object word in a sentence. Watashi ga iru kyoto – 私が居る京都 (わたしがいるきょうと) Kyoto where I amīelow is the new word used in the example phrase. Example #2: how to make a noun phrase with a plain-formed verbĪs I mentioned earlier, a clause modifying its following noun ends with a plain-formed verb. When we want to end a sentence with a verb, we need to use its plain form. In this example, the verb, “iru”, is used in its plain form and placed at the end of the sentence. This is the plain form of this verb itself. In the example, this is used to express the existence of “watashi”.
iru – いる : a verb used to express the existence of a living thing. This particle is often translated into English as “in” or “at”. In the example, this is used after “kyoto” to indicate the place which “watashi” is in. ni – に : a case particle used to indicate a particular place which someone or something is in. kyoto – 京都 (きょうと) : a name of one of the most famous Japanese cities. In the example, it works as an adverb to say “today” in Japanese. kyou – 今日 (きょう) : a noun meaning ‘today’ in Japanese. In the example, this is used after “watashi” to make the subject word in the sentence. wa – は : a binding particle working as a case marker or topic marker. watashi – 私 (わたし) : a pronoun meaning ‘I’ in Japanese. Watashi wa kyou kyoto ni iru – 私は今日京都に居る (わたしはきょうきょうとにいる) I’m in Kyoto today.īelow are the new words used in the example sentence. Example #1: how to use a plain-formed verb Then, let me explain how to use a plain-formed verb through the following example sentence. To know if a verb is in its plain form or not, therefore, we should check its last vowel. In principle, however, the plain-formed verbs always end with the “u” vowel. There are two different verb categories: u-verbs and ru-verbs. In the rest part of this blog post, I will explain a plain-formed verb, i-adjective, and na-adjective, one by one. Also in this regard, this form is very important. Furthermore, words in the dictionary are plain formed. In addition, a clause, for example a clause modifying its following noun, also ends with a plain-formed word. A Japanese sentence normally ends with a plain-formed verb, adjective, or auxiliary verb. From these three kanji characters, therefore, we can understand that “shuushikei” means ‘a form for the end’. The first two kanji characters mean ‘the end’ the last one means ‘form’, ‘type’, or such. shuushikei – 終止形 (しゅうしけい) : a noun meaning ‘the plain form’ in Japanese. So, let me explain this name in detail based on its kanji. I’m not sure if this is well known among Japanese learners, but this name is very helpful to understand the concept behind the form. In Japanese, the plain form is called “shuushikei”. Example #6: how to make a noun phrase with a plain-formed na-adjective. Example #5: how to use a na-adjective at the end of a sentence. Example #4: how to make a noun phrase with a plain-formed i-adjective. Example #3: how to use a plain-formed i-adjective. Example #2: how to make a noun phrase with a plain-formed verb. Example #1: how to use a plain-formed verb. So, I hope my explanations are understandable and helpful for Japanese learners. Fortunately, however, the plain form is common in the both learning ways. This means, I cannot use the knowledge I got in school to explain conjugation forms. 
Additionally Japanese learners definitely learn more than six conjugation forms. Native speakers learn this form as a combination of a conjugated word and an auxiliary verb often, Japanese learners learn it as one form. However, what they learn is not exactly the same as what Japanese learners learn. Japanese has six different forms and Japanese native speakers learn all of them in school. Honestly speaking, explaining conjugation forms is not easy, as there are always gaps between native speakers and Japanese learners. In this blog post, I will explain the very basics of plain-formed words and also how to use them through example sentences. As its name suggests, verbs, adjectives, and auxiliary verbs in this form are plain, namely not conjugated. The plain form is one of the most widely-used conjugation forms in Japanese.
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